Reference Chart

Pinyin Chart

Every valid Mandarin syllable in one chart. Rows are initials (the consonant a syllable starts with), columns are finals (the vowel sound it ends with). Click any syllable to hear it in all four tones.

initial ↓aoeeraieiaoouanenangengongiiaieiaoiuianiniangingionguuauouaiuiuanunuanguengüüeüanün
·
b··················
p···················
m·················
f··························
d············
t················
n··········
l··········
g·················
k·················
h·················
j······················
q······················
x······················
zh················
ch·················
sh·················
r·····················
z···················
c···················
s····················

Click any syllable to see it in all four tones with a common example character — click a tone card to hear it spoken.

How to read the chart

A pinyin syllable is an initial plus a final: b + a = ba. The row marked “—” holds syllables with no initial, written with y or w (like yi, wu, yu). Empty cells are combinations that don’t exist in Mandarin — part of what makes the sound system learnable: there are only about 400 syllables in total.

Why tones matter

Each syllable can carry one of four tones (plus a neutral tone), and the tone changes the meaning: 妈 is “mom” but 马 is “horse.” The chart shows a common character for each tone so you can connect sounds to real words you’ll actually read.

Ready to train your ear?

Practice with the Pinyin Trainer →